Evaluation of Application of Probiotics in Periodontal Disease
Subject Areas :Keywords: Probiotic, Priodental, Clinical Signs, Inflammatory,
Abstract :
Periodontal disease is the number one health problem in small animal patients. Periodontal disease is generally described in two stages, gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis is the later stage of the disease process and is defined as an inflammatory disease of the deeper supporting structures of the tooth (periodontal ligament and alveolar bone) caused by microorganisms. It is caused by plaque buildup on teeth. The plaque is a smooth membrane, adhesive, contaminated with saliva bacteria and debris. Normal gingival tissues are pink in color, and have a thin, knife-like edge, with a smooth and regular texture. The first clinical sign of gingivitis is erythema of the gingiva. This is followed by edema, gingival bleeding during brushing or after chewing hard/rough toys, and halitosis. Probiotics are live micro-organisms administered in adequate amounts with beneficial health effects on the host.The presence of these organisms is an indicator of good periodontal health. Probiotics are effective in preventing candidiasis, reducing dental caries, and treating periodontal diseases. This article discusses the use of probiotics in the treatment of periodontal disease.
1. Gorrel C, Andersson S, Verhaert L. Veterinary dentistry for the general Practitioner2: veterinary dentistry for the general practitioner: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
2. Crossley D. Dentistry for small animal practitioners: periodontal disease in carnivores. Dentistry for small animal practitioners. 2005:1-17.
3. Niemiec BA. Periodontal disease. Topics in companion animal medicine. 2008;23(2):72-80.
4. Lilly DM, Stillwell RH. Probiotics: growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science. 8-747:(3659)147;1965
5. Kasra-Kermanshahi R, Rezai P. Probiotics and Prebiotics in medicine and dentistry. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2015;9(3):1-13.
6. Bonyadi F, Tukmechi A, Mohebalian H. An overview of probiotics and their role in cancer management. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014;24(112):128-40.
7. Vejdani R, Bahari A, Zadeh AM, Azmi M, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Hashtroudi AA, et al. Effects of lactobacillus casei probiotic on mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: a placebo controlled study. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017;69(1):24-8.
8. Jayaram P, Chatterjee A, Raghunathan V. Probiotics in the treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2016;20(5):488.
9. Zanjani MK, Mohammadi N, Ahari H, Tarzi BG, Bakhoda H. Effect of microencapsulation with chitosan coating on survival of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum in ice cream. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 2014;8(4):1.25-34
11. Pourjafar H, Noori N, Gandomi H, Basti AA. Study of protective role of double coated beads of calcium alginate-chitosan-eudragit S100 nanoparticles achieved from microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a predominant flora of human and animals gut. Journal of Veterinary Research. 2016;71(3).
12. Mortazavian A, Razavi SH, Ehsani MR, Sohrabvandi S. Principles and methods of microencapsulation of probiotic microorganisms. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology. 2007;5(1):1-18.
13. Riccia DD, Bizzini F, Perilli M, Polimeni A, Trinchieri V, Amicosante G, et al. Anti‐inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus brevis (CD2) on periodontal disease. Oral diseases. 2007;13(4):376-85.
14. Devkar N, Chauhan VS, Vibhute A. Probiotics and prebiotics in periodontal disease-revisited. Journal of Dental & Allied Sciences. 2012;1(1):18-20.
15. Näse L, Hatakka K, Savilahti E, Saxelin M, Pönkä A, Poussa T, et al. Effect of long–term consumption of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental caries and caries risk in children. Caries research. 2001;35(6):412-20.
16. Vivekananda M, Vandana K, Bhat K. Effect of the probiotic Lactobacilli reuteri (Prodentis) in the management of periodontal disease: a preliminary randomized clinical trial. Journal of oral microbiology. 2010;2(1):5344.
17. Kõll‐Klais P, Mändar R, Leibur E, Marcotte H, Hammarström L, Mikelsaar M. Oral lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health: species composition and antimicrobial activity. Oral microbiology and immunology. 2005;20(6):354-61.
17. Mohanty R, Nazareth B, Shrivastava N. The potential role of probiotics in periodontal health. RSBO (Online). 2012;9(1):85-8.
18. Iniesta M, Herrera D, Montero E, Zurbriggen M, Matos AR, Marín MJ, et al. Probiotic effects of orally administered Lactobacillus reuteri‐containing tablets on the subgingival and salivary microbiota in patients with gingivitis. A randomized clinical trial. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2012;39(8):736-44.
19. Nackaerts O, Jacobs R, Quirynen M, Rober M, Sun Y, Teughels W. Replacement therapy for periodontitis: pilot radiographic evaluation in a dog model. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2008;35(12):1048- 2.
20. Teanpaisan R, Piwat S, Dahlen G. Inhibitory effect of oral Lactobacillus against oral pathogens. Letters in applied microbiology. 2011;53(4):452-9.
21. Matsubara VH, Bandara H, Ishikawa KH, Mayer MPA, Samaranayake LP. The role of probiotic bacteria in managing periodontal disease: a systematic review. Expert review of anti-infective therapy. 2016;14(7):643-55.
22. Ionel A, Lucaciu O, Moga M, Buhatel D, Ilea A, Tabaran F, et al. Periodontal disease induced in Wistar rats-experimental study. Human and Veterinary Medicine. 2015;7(2):90-5.