List of Articles اندام خلفی

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  1 - Ligament injuries and their management in the hind limbs of dogs
  Ramin Mazaheri-Khameneh Mohammadmahdi Gooran Seyed Siavash Ghoreishi
  20.1001.1.24235695.1399.7.2.9.8
  Ligament injuries are one of the most common injuries in small animals. These injuries can cause sudden pain, lameness and even weight intolerance. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment greatly increase the likelihood of successful treatment. Chronic injuries usually do More

  Ligament injuries are one of the most common injuries in small animals. These injuries can cause sudden pain, lameness and even weight intolerance. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment greatly increase the likelihood of successful treatment. Chronic injuries usually do not respond well to treatment and weaken the prognosis of treatment. Injury to the cruciate ligaments, followed by damage to the collateral ligaments, is one of the most common injuries to the knee joint. There are many ways to diagnose and confirm these injuries. These include ultrasonography and radiography. Numerous strategies for diagnosing and treating ligament injuries have been presented in previous studies, some of which have been attempted during this study. Manuscript profile
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  2 - patellar luxation in dogs
  Alireza Shaikhzadeh Amin Bigham-Sadegh
  20.1001.1.24235695.1402.10.1.10.8
  Patellar luxation is a common orthopedic problem in dogs. Both large and small breed dogs may be affected; the disease may be seen in cats as well. Medial luxation is more common than lateral luxation and is usually diagnosed in dogs of small breed. patellar luxation ba More

  Patellar luxation is a common orthopedic problem in dogs. Both large and small breed dogs may be affected; the disease may be seen in cats as well. Medial luxation is more common than lateral luxation and is usually diagnosed in dogs of small breed. patellar luxation based on severity of occurred changes divided to 4 different grades. Patellar luxation is a congenital/developmental disorder, but it could be secondary to traumatic accident causing tearing or stretching of the joint capsule and fascia, leading to femoropatellar instability. Diagnosis is based on clinical evidence of patellar instability; however, diagnostic imaging is required to assess the amount of skeletal deformity and then the most appropriate method of treatment. Clinical signs of dogs with patellar luxation can vary from animal to animal and are only partially related to the degree of concomitant skeletal deformities. Lameness may be intermittent or continuous, and usually is a mild-to-moderate weight bearing lameness with occasional lifting of the limb. Concurrent rupture of the CrCL has been reported in a study in 41% of the stifle joints of dogs with medial patellar luxation. Surgical options include both soft tissue and osseous techniques, however, in most of the cases, a combination of more procedures is used to achieve the correction of the luxation. Complication rate is generally low and the most common complications include reluxation and implant-associated complications. Prognosis is generally favorable, with most of the dogs returning to normal limb function. This article describes patellar luxation features in dogs, including clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options available Manuscript profile
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  3 - Orthopedic examination of the hind limb in small animal
  hamid reza moslemi Mahshid Farmand
  20.1001.1.24235695.1402.10.1.6.4
  Lameness is a common complaint in small animal medicine. Orthopedic examination is performed by visual and manual assessment of the patient. In most cases, the affected extremity is identified, but the exact origin of that extremity remains obscure and sometimes difficu More

  Lameness is a common complaint in small animal medicine. Orthopedic examination is performed by visual and manual assessment of the patient. In most cases, the affected extremity is identified, but the exact origin of that extremity remains obscure and sometimes difficult. Orthopedic examination plays an important role in determining the location of lameness, diagnosing its cause, and finding appropriate treatment. Early diagnosis of musculoskeletal problems is very important to apply appropriate treatment and preventive measures in the early stages of disease progression. Patients presenting with symptoms of musculoskeletal abnormalities should undergo a complete orthopedic examination. A systematic approach to orthopedic examination is important to assess all structures and ensure that no part is missed. The purpose of orthopedic examination is to assess the presence or absence of the disease in the patient and determine the causes of its occurrence. The orthopedic examination includes history taking, walking observation, step analysis and evaluation, and clinical examination of the patient. A history of lameness, previous diagnoses and treatments and their effects, the presence of other systemic diseases, and diet should be documented before the initiation of clinical examination. The time of onset of lameness, possible causes, and the timing of progression also help in a better diagnosis. It is very important to observe the patient walking from different directions at different speeds. Observing the patient going up and down stairs and ramps may also help. Understanding movement and gait is important for diagnosing many musculoskeletal and neurological problems. Gait analysis should be performed before any orthopedic or neurological examination. Gait analysis can help further clarify which limb is affected. Finally, an orthopedic clinical examination of the animal is performed. This article describes methods for clinical examination of the hind limb. Manuscript profile