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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Data Analyses in Veterinary Research & Practice
        Negin Esfandiary MohammadArad zandieh
        Researchers can interpret and analyze livestock problems and diseases by using data obtained from different characteristics of animals and their environment. The pivotal role of statistical analysis of data in the field of veterinary research & practice is inevitable. I More
        Researchers can interpret and analyze livestock problems and diseases by using data obtained from different characteristics of animals and their environment. The pivotal role of statistical analysis of data in the field of veterinary research & practice is inevitable. In this review article, shedding light on its significance in unraveling complex patterns and drawing reliable conclusions from diverse datasets. The veterinary domain, characterized by a spectrum of species and inherent biological variability, necessitates robust statistical methodologies to discern meaningful insights. In order to make inferences about disease causation or a researcher's hypothesis, data must be categorized and the goal is to decide whether the groups are statistically different or not. Finally, using a suitable statistical test, the research hypothesis is rejected or accepted, and finally the necessary interpretations are made. The researcher can decide what data should be collected and how. In practice, in this case, the researcher's hands are open and they can make the best possible decision, but often prospective data collection is costly and time-consuming. Another mode is retrospective research, which is often based on data collected by veterinarians from slaughterhouses, laboratories, clinics, inoculation centers, etc. or from other organizations and institutions. The article explores a range of statistical techniques applied in veterinary research and practice, including data normalization, hypothesis test, parametric and non-parametric test, regression and coefficient test, and validity in veterinary medicine. These futures has shedding light on animal interactions and patterns. Ultimately, this review article serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners in veterinary science, offering insights into the nuanced application of statistical analyses. By navigating the complexities of veterinary data, it aims to empower the scientific community to leverage statistical tools effectively, ultimately advancing the quality and reliability of research in veterinary medicine. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Problem-solving and Futures Studies in Veterinary Programs and Services
        Alireza Bahonar Hamid Sharifi
        The increase in population and the need to supply foodstuffs have raised the importance of animal health and veterinary activities more than ever before in the country's food security and development. In this paper, which focuses on veterinary activities in the field of More
        The increase in population and the need to supply foodstuffs have raised the importance of animal health and veterinary activities more than ever before in the country's food security and development. In this paper, which focuses on veterinary activities in the field of food-producing livestock, the concepts of need, supply, and demand are defined, and the methods of determining and prioritizing health needs in the livestock population of the country are presented. In the context of problems in setting priorities, there are also important points such as livestock population statistics, lack of human resources, rapid management changes, economic factors, management considerations, the traditional structure of animal husbandry, insufficient training of producers, and technical health officials of livestock farms, lack of inter-sectoral cooperation and necessary support. From the country's veterinary organization, the lack of sufficient information about diseases and animal health status in neighboring countries, especially Iraq and Afghanistan, and the weakness of border and interprovincial quarantine systems have been noted. Factors affecting the use of animal health services points such as access to services, feeling of need or demand, assurance of quality, price and cost of services and insurance coverage have been mentioned. On the other hand, in recent decades, issues such as climate change, changes in international laws and regulations related to animal health and environment, transgenic products, bioterrorism, and drought, each of which affects the health and livestock production in some way, the need to pay attention to Proposes futures studies. Futures studies are a science that helps to better see these changes and prepare for them. The emergence of some new fields such as artificial intelligence, remote medicine and veterinary medicine (Telemedicine), personalized medicine and veterinary medicine, the emergence of robots in medicine and veterinary medicine, etc. paid attention. The sum of these issues should make us think about how much preparation there is for the future and these changes. It is suggested to make changes in the important fields of veterinary medicine such as education and research, veterinary structures at the national and international levels, and jobs related to veterinary medicine, in line with foresight and futurology. Manuscript profile